Revolutionizing Nanomaterials: 3D Graphene Fabrication and Applications

Abstract

Graphene, a material with remarkable properties due to its two-dimensional structure, electronic structure, and lattice symmetry, has numerous applications in nano-electronics, photovoltaics, and environmental or catalysis. Its mechanical strength, elasticity, and out-of-plane flexibility make it ideal for producing pseudo magnetism and other precise electronic structure modifications. However, the 2D to 3D transition has made it challenging to maintain and improve its 2D qualities. Two primary approaches have been explored: synthesizing precursors in graphene flakes and constructing structures with multiple layers divided by molecular "pillars." These methods yield 3D graphene-based nanoporous materials (GNM) at low cost and good scalability, but they suffer from high disorder and inadequate control over mechanical and structural properties. The best course of action should be to precisely position pillars on precursor sheets at the nanoscale, combine controlled chemical nano-patterning with the ability to stack patterned multilayers in a controlled manner.