Evaluation of Public Awareness and Attitudes Toward Tuberculosis Prevention and Control

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) becoming a major public health challenge, especially in developing countries like India, which accounts for the largest share of global TB cases. Despite the availability of free diagnosis and treatment services under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP), community-level awareness remains fragmented, and stigma surrounding the disease continues to hinder timely diagnosis and adherence to treatment.

This report presents the findings of a mixed-methods survey conducted across 16 respondents. The objectives of the study were to assess public knowledge about TB symptoms, transmission, treatment, and government initiatives, and to explore the social perceptions and stigma associated with the disease. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews

Findings revealed that while13% of respondents recognized persistent cough as a symptom, misconceptions such as spread through food sharing (5%) were still prevalent. Only 62% were aware of the DOTS Program, a key government scheme offering nutritional support to TB patients. Stigma remains a significant barrier: 43% of respondents admitted they would avoid sharing house with TB patients.

Media engagement on TB awareness has been sporadic. Though television as common information sources, 18% of participants reported never having encountered any TB-related awareness message. Qualitative interviews revealed personal stories of discrimination and misinformation, but also showcased the positive impact of community health workers and survivor resilience.

This study concludes that multi-level awareness strategies, inclusive communication tools, and stigma-reduction campaigns are urgently needed to meet India’s TB elimination goal by 2025.