Sustainable Alternatives to Single-Use Plastics (SUP): Materials, Technologies and Future Prospects

Abstract

Single-use plastics (SUP) have become an integral part of modern lifestyles due to their low cost, lightweight nature, and convenience. However, their extensive use has created severe environmental challenges, including land pollution, marine debris accumulation, greenhouse gas emissions, and microplastic contamination. The persistence of conventional plastics in the environment for hundreds of years has prompted governments, industries, and researchers to seek sustainable alternatives. This study reviews the latest developments in sustainable alternatives to SUP, including biodegradable plastics, bio-based polymers, paper-based products, edible packaging materials, reusable products, and nanotechnology-enabled materials. A systematic review methodology was employed to analyze recent literature published between 2023 and 2026. Twenty significant studies were reviewed to assess technological advancements, environmental performance, economic feasibility, and implementation challenges. The findings indicate that biodegradable polymers such as PLA and PHA, along with renewable resource-based materials, possess significant potential to reduce plastic pollution. However, challenges such as high production costs, limited industrial scalability, inadequate recycling infrastructure, and consumer acceptance continue to hinder widespread adoption. The study highlights the importance of policy interventions, circular economy practices, and technological innovation in accelerating the transition toward sustainable materials. Future prospects include AI-assisted material development, smart biodegradable packaging, and large-scale bio-based polymer manufacturing. The study concludes that sustainable alternatives to SUP are essential for achieving environmental sustainability and supporting global climate goals.

Cite as:

Kondekal Manjunatha. (2026). Sustainable Alternatives to Single-Use Plastics (SUP): Materials, Technologies and Future Prospects. Recent Trends in Production Engineering, 9(2), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21258329