Heartbeat Counter - ECG Basics

Abstract

The “Heartbeat Counter (DIY ECG Basic)” is a simple, low-cost device that measures your pulse using an infrared (IR) sensor and an Arduino. By shining IR light through a fingertip, it detects tiny changes in blood flow with each heartbeat. The Arduino reads these signals, calculates the pulse in beats per minute (BPM), and displays it on a small LCD screen in real time. This project shows how everyday electronic components—like resistors, capacitors, and a basic IR sensor—can be combined to create something meaningful. It introduces the principle of photoplethysmography (PPG), the same method used in smartwatches and fitness trackers, giving a hands-on way to understand how heart-rate monitoring works. While it’s not meant for medical diagnosis, the project is a great way to explore electronics, programming, and sensors in a practical, engaging way. It also opens the door to improvements like better filtering, noise reduction, or wireless connectivity. In short, this DIY heartbeat counter turns simple parts into a real-time health monitor, helping students and hobbyists connect electronics to the human body while inspiring further curiosity in biomedical technology.