Formulation and Evaluation of a Herbal Anti-Acne Gel Containing Neem (Azadirachta indica) Extract

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit that commonly affects adolescents and young adults. Although conventional anti-acne therapies are effective, their prolonged use is often associated with adverse effects including skin irritation, dryness, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Herbal medicines offer a promising alternative because of their safety, affordability, and therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate a topical herbal anti-acne gel containing Azadirachta indica (neem) leaf extract. Neem extract was prepared using the hot immersion extraction method and incorporated into a Carbopol 940-based gel. The formulation consisted of neem extract, Carbopol 940, glycerin, propylene glycol, methylparaben, triethanolamine, and distilled water. The gel was used for physicochemical characteristics namely appearance, pH, homogeneity, consistency, spreadability, washability, and skin irritation. The pH (5.5–6.5) was compatible with skin physiology, and no irritation or phase separation was observed. The findings indicate that the developed neem gel is stable and possesses desirable physicochemical properties, suggesting its potential as a safe and economical herbal alternative for topical acne management.