Medicinal Herbs in the Management of Hyperlipidemia: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with hyperlipidemia being a key risk factor. Conventional hypolipidemic drugs such as statins are effective but often associated with adverse effects, creating demand for safer alternatives. Medicinal herbs provide a promising natural approach to cholesterol management, supported by centuries of traditional use and growing scientific evidence. Herbs like garlic, turmeric, ginger, guggul, fenugreek, red yeast rice, and black seed have shown lipid-lowering effects through multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, promotion of bile acid excretion, reduction of intestinal lipid absorption, and antioxidant action. Preclinical studies and clinical trials report significant improvements in serum lipid profiles, particularly reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides, along with favorable effects on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). While encouraging, variability in phytochemical content, lack of standardization, and safety concerns highlight the need for more rigorous clinical validation before widespread therapeutic application.